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Cultural Adaptation Guide for Nepali Students in Japan
student-life
15 min read

Cultural Adaptation Guide for Nepali Students in Japan

Aashish Phuyal

Founder & Director

CultureAdaptationStudent LifeNepalJapan

Moving from Nepal to Japan involves adapting to a significantly different culture. While challenging, understanding and respecting Japanese customs while maintaining your Nepali identity creates a rewarding experience. This guide helps Nepali students navigate cultural differences, avoid common misunderstandings, and thrive in Japanese society.

Understanding Japanese Culture vs Nepali Culture

Key Cultural Differences:

1. Communication Style:

Nepal:

  • Direct communication
  • Emotional expression acceptable
  • Loud talking common
  • Physical touch among friends normal
  • Eye contact shows engagement

Japan:

  • Indirect communication (reading the air - ็ฉบๆฐ—ใ‚’่ชญใ‚€)
  • Emotional restraint valued
  • Quiet speaking preferred
  • Limited physical contact
  • Too much eye contact can be uncomfortable

Adaptation Tips:

  • Lower your voice in public spaces
  • Learn to read non-verbal cues
  • Understand "yes" doesn't always mean agreement
  • Watch how Japanese people interact
  • Practice subtle communication
  • --

2. Social Hierarchy:

Nepal:

  • Respect for elders important
  • But more casual with peers
  • Relationships often personal first

Japan:

  • Strict hierarchy (senpai-kohai system)
  • Age and position determine interaction
  • Formal even with peers initially
  • Vertical relationships (็ธฆ็คพไผš)

Adaptation Tips:

  • Use appropriate honorifics (ใ•ใ‚“, ๅ…ˆ่ผฉ, ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿ)
  • Bow to seniors and professors
  • Wait for seniors to speak first
  • Follow workplace hierarchy strictly
  • Learn keigo (honorific language)
  • --

3. Time and Punctuality:

Nepal:

  • "Nepali time" flexible
  • 15-30 minutes late acceptable
  • Relaxed approach

Japan:

  • Extreme punctuality
  • 5 minutes early is on time
  • Late is disrespectful
  • Time is sacred

Adaptation Tips:

  • Always arrive 5-10 minutes early
  • Set multiple alarms
  • If late, call immediately
  • Apologize profusely if delayed
  • Plan for train delays
  • --

4. Group vs Individual:

Nepal:

  • Family-oriented but individual goals valued
  • Personal opinions expressed

Japan:

  • Group harmony (ๅ’Œ - wa) supreme
  • Individual opinions suppressed for group
  • "The nail that sticks out gets hammered"
  • Consensus-based decisions

Adaptation Tips:

  • Prioritize group harmony
  • Don't stand out too much
  • Go along with group decisions
  • Save personal opinions for appropriate times
  • Participate in group activities
  • --

5. Religion and Spirituality:

Nepal:

  • Religion central to daily life
  • Temples visited regularly
  • Religious festivals important
  • Public displays of faith common

Japan:

  • Secular society mostly
  • Religion cultural, not devotional
  • Shrines visited casually
  • Private spirituality

Adaptation Tips:

  • Practice faith privately
  • Find Nepali/Hindu temples in your city
  • Respect Japanese religious sites
  • Explain your practices if asked
  • Join Nepali community for festivals

Japanese Social Etiquette Essentials

1. Greetings and Bowing:

Basic Bows:

  • Casual greeting (15ยฐ): Meeting friends, colleagues
  • Polite greeting (30ยฐ): Meeting customers, thanking
  • Formal greeting (45ยฐ): Deep apology, great respect
  • Nod (5-10ยฐ): Passing someone in hallway

When to Bow:

  • Meeting someone
  • Saying goodbye
  • Thanking someone
  • Apologizing
  • Entering/leaving a room
  • Receiving something

Bowing Tips:

  • Keep back straight
  • Hands at sides or in front
  • Bow from waist
  • Look down while bowing
  • Match the other person's bow depth
  • Don't bow while holding phone
  • --

2. Removing Shoes:

Where to Remove:

  • Homes (always)
  • Some restaurants
  • Temples and shrines
  • Traditional ryokan
  • Changing rooms
  • Tatami mat rooms
  • Some hospitals and schools

How to Do It:

  • Step up into genkan (entrance)
  • Remove shoes facing outward
  • Turn shoes to point toward door
  • Wear slippers provided
  • Put on house slippers
  • Special toilet slippers in bathroom

Tips:

  • Wear clean socks (no holes!)
  • Easy-to-remove shoes helpful
  • Watch what others do
  • Don't step on raised floor with shoes
  • Never wear toilet slippers outside bathroom
  • --

3. Gift Giving (ใŠๅœŸ็”ฃ - Omiyage):

When to Give:

  • Returning from trip (bring souvenirs)
  • Visiting someone's home
  • First day at new job
  • When someone helps you significantly
  • Seasonal gifts (ใŠไธญๅ…ƒ, ใŠๆญณๆšฎ)

What to Give:

  • Regional food specialties
  • Individually wrapped sweets
  • Items from your country (Nepal)
  • Quality over expense
  • Beautifully wrapped

How to Give:

  • Present with both hands
  • Say "ใคใพใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใŒ" (It's nothing special, but...)
  • Don't expect it to be opened immediately
  • Include everyone (bring enough for office)

What Not to Give:

  • Sets of four (sounds like death)
  • White flowers (funeral association)
  • Sharp objects (cuts relationships)
  • Very expensive items (creates obligation)
  • --

4. Dining Etiquette:

Before Eating:

  • Say "ใ„ใŸใ ใใพใ™" (Itadakimasu)
  • Wait for everyone to be served
  • Elders/seniors eat first
  • Hot towel (oshibori) for hands only

Chopstick Rules:

  • Don't stick vertically in rice (funeral practice)
  • Don't pass food chopstick to chopstick
  • Don't point with chopsticks
  • Rest on chopstick rest, not bowl
  • Don't stab food
  • Don't wave chopsticks around

Table Manners:

  • Make some noise eating noodles (shows enjoyment)
  • Don't blow nose at table
  • Finish your rice
  • Don't pour own drink (pour for others)
  • Hold small bowls while eating
  • Don't add soy sauce to rice

After Eating:

  • Say "ใ”ใกใใ†ใ•ใพใงใ—ใŸ" (Gochisousama deshita)
  • Place chopsticks neatly
  • Don't stack dishes (restaurant staff will do)
  • --

5. Public Behavior:

Do:

  • Queue properly (single file)
  • Stand on left of escalator (Tokyo) or right (Osaka)
  • Keep phone on silent
  • Talk quietly on trains
  • Take garbage home if no bins
  • Follow rules strictly
  • Be considerate of others (่ฟทๆƒ‘ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใชใ„)

Don't:

  • Talk on phone in train
  • Eat while walking
  • Smoke outside designated areas
  • Jaywalk
  • Litter
  • Play loud music
  • Be loud in public
  • Cut in line

Communication Challenges and Solutions

1. Reading Between the Lines:

Japanese Indirect Communication:

  • "I'll think about it" = No
  • "That might be difficult" = No
  • "Let me check my schedule" = No
  • "That's interesting" = Neutral or negative
  • Silence = Disagreement or discomfort

How to Navigate:

  • Pay attention to tone and body language
  • Understand cultural context
  • Ask trusted Japanese friends for clarification
  • Don't push for direct answers
  • Learn common euphemisms
  • Observe how Japanese people respond
  • --

2. The Word "No":

Challenge:

  • Japanese rarely say "no" directly
  • Use softening expressions
  • Avoid confrontation

Common Alternatives to "No":

  • "ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ..." (Chotto...) = Kind of... / Well...
  • "้›ฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™" (Muzukashii desu) = It's difficult
  • "่€ƒใˆใพใ™" (Kangaemasu) = I'll think about it
  • "็ตๆง‹ใงใ™" (Kekkou desu) = I'm fine (no thanks)

How to Say No Politely:

  • Don't refuse directly
  • Give a reason
  • Apologize first
  • Suggest alternatives
  • Use softening expressions
  • Example: "็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใใฎๆ—ฅใฏใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ..."

(I'm sorry, but that day is a bit...)

  • --

3. Tatemae vs Honne:

Tatemae (ๅปบๅ‰):

  • Public face/official stance
  • What you say in public
  • Social harmony maintenance
  • Surface-level interaction

Honne (ๆœฌ้Ÿณ):

  • True feelings
  • What you really think
  • Shared with close friends only
  • Private opinions

Examples:

  • Boss asks "Can you work overtime?"
  • Tatemae: "Yes, of course" (even if you can't)
  • Honne: "I want to go home" (say to close friend)

How to Navigate:

  • Understand this is normal
  • Don't expect people to share true feelings easily
  • Build close relationships for honne conversations
  • Practice tatemae yourself
  • Don't take tatemae as lies
  • --

4. Apologies:

Japanese Apologize Frequently:

  • "ใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“" (Sumimasen) - Most common
  • "็”ณใ—่จณใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“" (Moushiwake gozaimasen) - Formal
  • "ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใ•ใ„" (Gomen nasai) - Casual

When to Apologize:

  • Bothering someone
  • Being late (even 1 minute)
  • Asking a question
  • Passing in front of someone
  • Minor inconveniences
  • Not necessarily admitting fault

Tip: Apologize more than you think necessary

Common Culture Shock Experiences

Phase 1: Honeymoon (First 1-2 Months)

Feelings:

  • Everything is exciting and new
  • Fascinated by differences
  • Tourist mindset
  • High energy and enthusiasm

What to Do:

  • Enjoy this phase
  • Take lots of photos
  • Explore your city
  • But also prepare for next phase
  • Build support network
  • --

Phase 2: Culture Shock (2-6 Months)

Feelings:

  • Frustration with language barrier
  • Missing home and family
  • Feeling isolated
  • Everything seems difficult
  • Cultural differences annoying
  • Homesickness
  • Questioning your decision

Common Triggers:

  • Can't communicate effectively
  • Different food everyday
  • Missing Nepali festivals (Dashain, Tihar)
  • Loneliness
  • Academic pressure
  • Different work culture

How to Cope:

  • Talk to other Nepali students (they understand)
  • Stay connected with family (but not too much)
  • Join Nepali community
  • Find balance between Nepali and Japanese friends
  • Exercise regularly
  • Maintain healthy routine
  • Seek counseling if needed (university provides)
  • Remember this phase is temporary
  • Write in journal
  • Cook Nepali food
  • --

Phase 3: Adjustment (6-12 Months)

Feelings:

  • Understanding cultural norms better
  • Developing coping strategies
  • Making friends
  • Language improving
  • Less frustrated
  • Finding rhythm

What to Do:

  • Continue building relationships
  • Develop new routines
  • Embrace both cultures
  • Help newer students
  • Celebrate small victories
  • --

Phase 4: Adaptation (12+ Months)

Feelings:

  • Comfortable in both cultures
  • Can switch between cultural contexts
  • Have support network
  • Feeling at home
  • Appreciating both cultures

What to Do:

  • Maintain balance
  • Be cultural bridge
  • Help newcomers
  • Enjoy your bicultural identity

Maintaining Nepali Identity

1. Find Nepali Community:

Where to Connect:

  • Nepali Student Associations (universities)
  • Non-Resident Nepali Association (NRNA) Japan
  • Nepali restaurants (social hubs)
  • Facebook groups for Nepali students
  • Religious centers (Hindu temples)
  • Nepali cultural events

Benefits:

  • Speak Nepali freely
  • Share experiences
  • Celebrate festivals together
  • Support network
  • Feel at home
  • Make lifelong friends
  • --

2. Celebrate Nepali Festivals:

Major Festivals in Japan:

  • Dashain: Organized by Nepali communities
  • Tihar: Community celebrations
  • Teej: Women's gatherings
  • Holi: Public events in some cities
  • Nepali New Year

How to Celebrate:

  • Attend community events
  • Cook traditional food
  • Wear traditional clothes
  • Video call family during celebrations
  • Create traditions with Nepali friends
  • Invite Japanese friends (cultural exchange)
  • --

3. Food:

Finding Nepali/South Asian Food:

  • Nepali restaurants (major cities have several)
  • Indian grocery stores
  • Online shops (for spices)
  • Gyomu Super (international supermarket)

Cooking at Home:

  • Learn to cook Nepali dishes
  • Adapt recipes to available ingredients
  • Share with roommates and friends
  • Organize potluck with Nepali friends

Tips:

  • Rice and lentils easily available
  • Curry powder as base
  • Asian supermarkets for vegetables
  • Make and freeze momos
  • Adjust spice levels (Japanese can't handle too spicy)
  • --

4. Language:

Maintain Nepali:

  • Speak with family regularly
  • Chat with Nepali friends in Nepali
  • Watch Nepali movies/music
  • Read Nepali news
  • Join Nepali social media groups

But Also Learn Japanese:

  • Don't only stay in Nepali bubble
  • Balance is key
  • Bilingualism is an asset
  • --

5. Cultural Values:

Keep What's Important:

  • Respect for elders (compatible with Japan)
  • Family values
  • Religious practices
  • Nepali hospitality
  • Your identity and heritage

Adapt What's Necessary:

  • Time management
  • Punctuality
  • Following rules
  • Work ethic
  • Communication style

Create Hybrid Identity:

  • Best of both cultures
  • Nepali at heart, Japanese in practice
  • Cultural flexibility
  • Global perspective

Making Friends with Japanese People

1. Where to Meet Japanese Friends:

University:

  • Join clubs/circles (not international club)
  • Sports teams
  • Study groups
  • Cultural activities (tea ceremony, calligraphy)
  • Volunteer activities
  • Part of class projects

Outside University:

  • Part-time job
  • Language exchange (but make it real friendship)
  • Hobby groups
  • Sports clubs
  • Volunteer organizations
  • Community events
  • --

2. How to Approach:

Do:

  • Be genuinely interested in Japanese culture
  • Show respect for customs
  • Be patient with language barriers
  • Share about Nepal (people are curious)
  • Invite to Nepali events
  • Be reliable and punctual
  • Participate actively in group activities

Don't:

  • Only use them for language practice
  • Be too pushy or direct
  • Criticize Japan (even if true)
  • Expect them to be outgoing
  • Give up if they seem reserved
  • --

3. Building Deeper Friendships:

Takes Time:

  • Japanese friendships develop slowly
  • Surface level โ†’ acquaintance โ†’ friend โ†’ close friend
  • Be patient (can take 6-12 months)

How to Deepen:

  • Consistent interaction
  • Share meals together
  • Hang out outside formal settings
  • Share personal stories gradually
  • Help each other
  • Celebrate birthdays
  • Join nomikai (drinking parties)
  • Share vulnerabilities slowly
  • --

4. Understanding Japanese Friendship:

Different from Nepal:

  • Less physical affection
  • More scheduled (plan weeks ahead)
  • Group activities preferred
  • Less spontaneous
  • Respect personal space
  • Communication less frequent but meaningful

But Also:

  • Very loyal once close
  • Will go out of their way to help
  • Long-lasting friendships
  • Deep mutual understanding
  • Lifelong connections

Dealing with Discrimination and Microaggressions

Reality Check:

Japan is Generally:

  • Safe and polite
  • Most Japanese are welcoming
  • Curiosity, not malice usually
  • But discrimination exists

Possible Experiences:

  • Denied apartment (foreigners)
  • Stares in public (especially rural areas)
  • Assumptions about English ability
  • "Where are you from?" constantly
  • Avoided on train
  • Treated as permanent outsider
  • "Your Japanese is so good!" (even basic Japanese)
  • --

How to Handle:

1. Choose Your Battles:

  • Not everything is worth fighting
  • Educate when possible
  • Ignore minor things
  • Report serious discrimination

2. Build Thick Skin:

  • Don't take everything personally
  • Cultural ignorance โ‰  racism always
  • Many have never met foreigners
  • Patience and understanding

3. Find Support:

  • Nepali student community
  • University international office
  • Close Japanese friends who understand
  • Other international students
  • Online communities

4. Report Serious Issues:

  • University administration
  • Immigration office
  • Legal support (Houterasu)
  • Labor bureau (work discrimination)

5. Focus on Positive:

  • Many wonderful experiences
  • Great friendships
  • Kind people everywhere
  • Don't let few bad apples ruin experience
  • --

When It's Actual Discrimination:

Document:

  • Keep records
  • Emails, messages
  • Witnesses
  • Dates and times

Report:

  • University office
  • Legal support centers
  • Embassy (serious cases)
  • Labor Standards Bureau (work)

Seek Support:

  • Counseling services
  • Nepali community
  • International student organizations
  • Don't suffer silently

Reverse Culture Shock (Returning to Nepal)

What is Reverse Culture Shock?

  • Difficulty readjusting to Nepal
  • Feeling out of place at home
  • Missing Japan
  • Changed perspectives
  • Different from how you left

Common Experiences:

1. Time and Punctuality:

  • Frustrated by "Nepali time"
  • Expect Japanese punctuality
  • Annoyed by lateness

2. Cleanliness and Order:

  • Notice litter and disorder
  • Miss Japanese organization
  • Frustrated by chaos

3. Communication:

  • Find Nepali directness rude
  • Miss Japanese politeness
  • Struggle with loud environments

4. Food:

  • Miss Japanese food
  • Stomach issues (readjusting)
  • Crave ramen and sushi

5. Identity:

  • Feel like outsider
  • Family/friends don't understand experiences
  • Changed values and perspectives
  • Neither fully Nepali nor Japanese
  • --

How to Cope:

Before Returning:

  • Prepare mentally
  • Understand reverse culture shock is normal
  • Stay connected with Nepal during stay in Japan
  • Don't idealize Nepal or Japan

After Returning:

  • Be patient with readjustment
  • Share experiences gradually
  • Don't constantly compare
  • Appreciate both cultures
  • Stay connected with Japan friends
  • Join alumni networks
  • Use experience for career
  • Be cultural bridge

Remember:

  • You've gained valuable perspective
  • Bicultural identity is asset
  • Your experience makes you unique
  • Use it to contribute to Nepal

Advice from Nepali Students in Japan

"Keep Open Mind" - Ramesh, Tokyo

"I came with many expectations. Some were met, some weren't. The key is to observe without judging too quickly. What seems strange at first often makes sense later."

  • --

"Balance is Everything" - Anita, Osaka

"Don't lose your Nepali identity trying to be Japanese. But don't refuse to adapt either. I cook dal-bhat on weekends and eat Japanese food on weekdays. I celebrate both Dashain and New Year. Balance is the key."

  • --

"Find Your Community" - Bikash, Kyoto

"First six months were hardest. I felt alone. Then I found the Nepali student association. Having people who understand your background while you navigate a new culture is invaluable."

  • --

"Learn the Language Seriously" - Priya, Fukuoka

"Many Nepali students stay in English/Nepali bubble. Big mistake. Learn Japanese. It opens doors to real friendships, better jobs, deeper cultural understanding. It's hard but worth it."

  • --

"Respect Gets Respect" - Suresh, Sapporo

"Japanese people appreciate when you respect their culture. Learn the customs, bow properly, follow rules. You don't have to agree with everything, but show respect. They'll respect you back."

  • --

"It Gets Better" - Maya, Nagoya

"My first winter I cried every week. Missing home, cold weather, language struggles, everything felt hard. But month by month, it got better. Now I love it here. Give it time."

  • --

"Make Japanese Friends" - Deepak, Sendai

"Don't just hang out with Nepali and international students. Make effort to befriend Japanese people. They'll teach you things no textbook can. Some of my best friends are Japanese now."

  • --

"Stay Healthy" - Kiran, Hiroshima

"Mental health matters. Exercise, sleep well, eat properly. When culture shock hits, physical health helps mental health. Join gym, play sports, go for walks. Don't neglect your body."

  • --

"Embrace the Experience" - Sita, Yokohama

"This is unique opportunity. How many Nepali get to live in Japan? Embrace it fully. Try new things. Step out of comfort zone. Years later, you'll treasure these memories."

  • --

"Help Each Other" - Rajesh, Kobe

"Nepali students should help each other. I struggled in my first year. Now I help newcomers. We're small community in Japan. Support each other. That's our strength."

blog.conclusion

Cultural adaptation is a journey, not a destination. The transition from Nepal to Japan brings challenges but also incredible growth opportunities. By understanding cultural differences, respecting Japanese customs while maintaining your Nepali identity, building diverse friendships, and seeking support when needed, you can thrive in Japan. Remember that thousands of Nepali students have successfully navigated this path before you. Culture shock is temporary, but the skills and perspectives you gain from this bicultural experience will benefit you for life. Embrace the journey with an open mind and patient heart.

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Preparing for your cultural journey to Japan? Aspira Educational Consultancy offers comprehensive pre-departure cultural orientation sessions, connects you with current Nepali students in Japan, and provides ongoing support throughout your adaptation process. Contact us to learn more about preparing for life in Japan!

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A

Aashish Phuyal

Founder & Director

Helping Nepali students successfully navigate cultural transitions and thrive in Japan for over a decade.

Cultural Adaptation Guide for Nepali Students in Japan | Aspira